What forms the basis of good architecture?

‘De Architectura,’ deemed as the only treatise of architecture to have survived the battle against time, dates to around 27 BCE. By Roman architect Vitruvius, this multi-volume work is regarded as “the first book on architectural theory”, whose popular regard is substantiated with the content itself. Through his work, Vitruvius identified three principles of architecture known as the Vitruvian Triad: firmness, utility and beauty. These three underlying bases “remain the essential components of all successful structural designs”, shaping the foundations of good architecture today.

Firmness, the first principle, underscores the importance of structural integrity. From moats around a castle to barbed wire surrounding a prison, architecture has always played a huge role in safety and security. A building well-designed to please the eye can be ill-fated and unreliable without an architect’s research skills needed to promote durability. The concept is crucial as a basis in structural design, so to make sure that buildings are strong enough to withstand harsh conditions, therefore able to provide safety for those it serves.

Secondly, the concept of utility is fundamental in creating spaces that serve their purpose effectively. A prime example is the Willis Building, conceived by Norman Foster. This architectural marvel goes beyond aesthetics by integrating features like escalators within a three-story structure, crafting a rooftop garden, and incorporating floor-to-ceiling windows that adjust to solar conditions. Foster’s ingenious design not only promotes community but also champions democracy within a workspace. Efficiency is the linchpin that can transform a mere structure into a thriving hub of activity. The Willis Building stands as a testament to the profound impact functionality has on architectural success.

Lastly, considerations for a structure’s beauty is what ultimately decides the architectural quality. This is evident in ​​The Broad – an LA museum whose characteristics shed a spotlight upon itself. Designed by DS+R, “the 50,000-square-foot building acts as a seamless buffer between the inside and outside world”. Its exterior honeycomb-like design, established using a semi-porous system, fosters a more urban interface and enhances artworks housed within the building. Furthermore, its porosity suggests two-way vision, tempting passersby through its lifted corners, making the striking exterior multifunctional in its aesthetics. In the end, DS + R’s knowingly arresting design provides proof of how attention towards a structure’s beauty is able to help architectures flourish in their environments. 

Throughout history, architects have based their practice on many standards, yet Vitruvius’ three principles for architectural success have stood best against the test of time. The confluence of these principles ensures that a structure isn’t just a product of design but also a testament to endurance, functionality, and aesthetics. Neglecting any one aspect diminishes the overall impact. The legacy of these principles continues to steer contemporary architects in their pursuit of creating structures that stand as monuments to human ingenuity and creativity.