The history of modern architecture

ZiQing Li

by ZiQing Li

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Modern architecture, a departure from ornate historical styles, prioritizes functionality, simplicity, and innovation. Emerging in the late 19th century, it was fueled by technological advancements and a break from traditional craftsmanship. Modern architecture’s genesis coincided with technological revolutions and industrialization, shunning historical styles for functionality. The philosophy of “form follows function” propelled this movement, positing that a building’s purpose dictates its design. Furthermore, this principle permeates diverse fields like biology, graphic design, and more.

Louis Sullivan: Louis Sullivan, an architectural visionary and the ‘father of modernism’, championed the form-follows-function concept. His designs for the 1893 Chicago World Fair laid the foundation for modern architects. He’s also known for the Bayard-Condict building, the first true skyscraper, earning him the title “father of skyscrapers.” Sullivan’s influence extended to Frank Lloyd Wright.

Frank Lloyd Wright: A protĂ©gĂ© of Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright is known as the pioneer of modern residential design. Having designed over 1,000 structures in 70 years, he earned a place among the most renowned architects. His ‘Prairie Style’ greatly impacted 20th-century American residential design.

Other Visionaries of Modern Architecture: The modern architectural movement boasts several pioneers other than Wright and Sullivan. A great example is the Staatliches Bauhaus. The German art school in the early 20th century laid the groundwork for the Bauhaus architectural style, characterized by functional design and geometric forms, which further developed the field of modern architecture. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is another leading figure in modern architecture. His “less is more” philosophy resulted in iconic structures like the Barcelona Pavilion and the Farnsworth House, showcasing clean lines and open spaces. Le Corbusier’s innovative ‘Five Points of Architecture’ influenced modern architecture with features like open floor plans and pilotis (support columns), as seen in Villa Savoye. And lastly, Norman Foster, a contemporary architect, continued the tradition of modern design with projects like the Gherkin in London, emphasizing energy efficiency and innovative materials.

Landmarks of Modern Architecture: Modern architecture is further exemplified by groundbreaking structures such as Villa Savoye, designed by Le Corbusier. This iconic residence epitomizes the International Style of Modernism, emphasizing functionality, minimalism, and an open layout. Moreover, as mentioned prior, the Bauhaus School in Germany also pioneered modern architectural principles, combining artistic and practical education. Sadly, the school was forced to close down in 1933 due to pressure from the Nazis.

In conclusion, modern architecture’s emphasis on functionality, innovation, and simplicity propelled it from the late 19th century to the forefront of design. Pioneers championed concepts that continue to shape architecture today. And landmark structures continue to stand as testaments to this enduring movement’s impact on the built environment.

© ZiQing Li 2023-08-17

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